Do you have some other tool recompiling from a different rust version too? I've seen issues with bacon on stable fighting against rust analyzer on beta (stable+1), since they use the same target folder.
Fixing the versions to be the same resolved that issue for me (but if you're only running rust analyzer then my comment doesn't apply.)
I do not have bacon. I have also disabled rustaceanvim because I believed I used its own version, but, I still get the issue. The only files named "rust-analyzer" on my hardrive are those managed by rustup. So I suppose that the neovim use "rust-analyzer" provided by rustup...
Then I wrote to src/main.rs, only the artifacts of my project were updated in both 1.82 and 1.83, and there was no impact on the dependencies.
(When I opened src/main.rs, the dependency artifacts were also updated, but this should be unrelated to the issue as it was due to the rust-analyzer version changing to 1.83.)