You can make another library in your workspace. This is the simplest and usually works fine. Or you can make your code generic over the constants, and then provide the constants in the top level crate.
However, this will not work if you intend to cargo publish your packages, since the file would not be included in the package. You can use symlinks instead (packaging automatically replaces symlinks out of the package with the file contents), if you only intend to develop or publish your packages from Unix systems and not Windows. Or, if you don't intend to publish at all, it doesn't matter.