WASM by itself can't do anything, including anything related to files. No file operations at all. It all depends on the host that runs the web assembly.
If you're running WASM in a browser, then you're at mercy of whatever browsers and JavaScript support, and standard filesystem access doesn't really exist there. There's a relatively new File System Access API, but it's more oriented towards loading and saving documents from user-selected folder than an equivalent of std::fs APIs.