It's likely impossible to give a single accurate number. Compilation speed depends on a whole series of factors. (If we ever find a way to efficiently simulate quantum mechanics in classical computers, it'll probably be via compilation speed benchmarks. </sarcasm>)
Linking a dynamic library only involves hooking up appropriate entries of the symbol tables to each other, while static linking involves copying all the code for all the necessary symbols (and even modifying it, for eg. relocation). So roughly speaking, static linking is O(generated machine code size), while dynamic linking is O(number of symbols).