I have tried going through the source code but I am having difficulty understanding it without any broad context or explanation of its architecture. I am also not able to find many resources explaining how it all works internally.
There are UML diagrams of connection lifecycles and server initialisation in the docs you might find helpful. If you have more specific questions, I'm sure you'll find someone here or in the actix community forums that can explain the minutiae of the framework to you. Actix runs on top of the tokio asynchronous runtime, which does most of the heavy lifting for actix. So it might be worth looking into tokio as well.
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